| Pediatric tumors of the eye and orbit.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2003;50 (1):149-72.
Most ocular and orbital tumors of childhood are
distinct from tumors that occur in adults. Many are congenital with
early presentations. Most pediatric orbital tumors are benign;
developmental cysts comprise half of orbital cases, with capillary
hemangioma being the second most common orbital tumor. The most common
orbital malignancy is rhabdomyosarcoma. The most common intraocular
malignant lesion is retinoblastoma. Choroidal melanoma, which is
common in adults, is extremely rare in children. The orbit is the most
common location for metastases in children, whereas the choroid is the
predominant site in adults. Pediatricians play a vital role in
diagnosis of pediatric ocular tumors. They are the first to recognize
ocular problems that may not be apparent to parents. It is therefore
important to recognize the signs and symptoms of ocular tumors of
childhood so that prompt ophthalmologic evaluation and treatment may
be undertaken. Whereas the malignant tumors may be life-threatening,
both malignant and benign tumors may be vision-threatening.
Ophthalmological tumors in children: diagnosis and
therapeutic strategy.
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2000;23(9):926-39.
Clinical aspects and diagnosis features of
retinoblastoma are reported. The most important differential diagnosis
are discussed. The diseases that can cause difficulties in diagnosis
are uveitis and Coats disease. The principles of the treatment of
retinoblastoma are exposed especially the side effects of radiotherapy
that lead to a limitation of the use of external beam if possible.
Treatments methods include external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy,
thermochemotherapy cryotherapy, curietherapy and photocoagulation.
Results and indications of these treatments are given. We describe the
diagnosis approach, for orbital tumors in children. The main orbital
benign and malignant tumors and their treatment are listed: orbital
cyst, neurofibroma; optic nerve gliomas; rhabdomyosarcomas, bone
tumors and metastatic tumors.
Ocular tumors of childhood.
Pediatr Clin North Am.1993;40(4):805-26.
It is important
for the pediatrician to be aware
of the benign and malignant ophthalmic tumors that can occur in
children. This article covers some general concepts related to ocular
tumors in children and briefly describes the clinical features and
management of some of the more important tumors of the eyelids,
conjunctiva, intraocular structures, and orbit. Although most ocular
tumors in children are benign, certain malignant neoplasms can
threaten the child's life as well as the child's sight. Hence, prompt
recognition and patient referral to an ocular oncologist are crucial
for proper clinical management.
Eye tumors in children. Histopathological aspects of differential
diagnosis.Klin Oczna.
1991;93(2-3):59-62.
Ocular tumors in children, due to their biological
characteristics, possess a special position in ophthalmology. Most of
these tumors are today curable with early diagnosis and correct
treatment. Therefore their differential diagnosis should be familiar
to all pediatricians and ophthalmologists. Tumors were divided into
three groups, concerning their localization (lid and orbit, epibulbar,
intraocular). In each group histopathologic and clinical pictures of
most important benign (hamartomas, choristomas and pseudotumors) and
malignant (primary and metastatic) tumors were separately described
and correlated, with special attention paid to differential diagnosis.
Considerations of malignant ocular tumours in children (author's
transl).Arch Ophtalmol
(Paris).1977;37(10):629-40.
The authors undertake a clinico-anatomical study
of 27 malignant tumours of the orbit and eye in children seen at the
Ophthalmological Clinic in Jassy over the last 12 years. The majority
(18 cases) were intra-ocular tumours which were clinically and
anatomically retinoblastomas. After presenting the clinical symptoms,
drawing attention to the signs of the disease presenting to
paediatricians, the treatment is described. This was surgical in all
cases followed by radiotherapy according to the case. Analysis of
fatal cases and those which survived demonstrate certain degrees of
seriousness in clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects. It
can be appreciated that the long-term prognosis of these cases depends
on the early diagnosis and the institution of the correct treatment as
well as the anatomopathological form.
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