Histopathological
classification of 3,510 cases with eyelid tumor.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 1996 Nov;32(6):435-7.
OBJECTIVE: To
study the histopathological classification of eyelid tumor. METHOD:
The pathological specimens of 3,510 cases with eyelid tumor examined
between 1953-1992 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The 5 leading
malignant lid tumors were basal cell carcinomas (430 cases, 37.6%),
meibomian gland carcinomas (363, 31.7%), squamous cell carcinomas (216
cases, 18.9%), melanomas (56 cases, 4.9%) and malignant lymphomas (21
cases, 1.8%). The 5 leading benign lid tumors including papillomas
(658 cases, 27.9%), pigmented nevi (578 cases, 24.4%), cysts (427
cases, 18.1%), angiomas (222 cases, 9.4% including 10 lymphangiomas)
and verrucae (212 cases, 9.0%). Rare tumors of the eyelid included one
case of each of the following tumors: reticulum cell sarcoma,
adenocystic carcinoma, malignant mesenchymoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma,
Bowen's disease, basosquamous carcinoma, basosebacious carcinoma,
teratoma, granular cell tumor (myoblastoma), angiolymphoid hyperplasia
with eosinophilia, osteoma, etc. CONCLUSION: The classification and
differentiation in type of eyelid tumor are beneficial to the
histopathological diagnosis.
Tumors of the
eyelids in the elderly.J
Fr Ophtalmol. 2006 Jun;29(6):687-93.
The clinical
aspect of tumors of the eyelids is polymorphous; however, the most
frequent are benign tumors such as papillomas, basal cell carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, meibomian gland carcinoma, and melanomas. An
important step in the management of the malignant types is to try to
establish clear margins through histopathologic techniques: the Mohs
technique, the rapid fixation technique, and the frozen section method
are the most frequent technical tools used today. For the most
malignant tumors such as malignant melanoma and Merkel cell tumor,
lymph sentinel biopsy is a recent, valuable tool, but its benefit
needs to be confirmed in large series.
Management of malignant and benign eyelid
lesions.Curr
Opin Ophthalmol. 2006 Oct;17(5):480-4
PURPOSE OF
REVIEW: The management of benign and malignant eyelid neoplasms has
been extensively examined. This paper offers an overview of the most
common eyelid lesions and their management based on a review of the
relevant bibliography. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have focused on
the results of nonsurgical approaches for benign and premalignant
lesions that are routinely surgically excised. In the malignant group,
a consensus has been reached over the preferred method of tumor
excision for basal cell carcinoma: Mohs surgery or complete surgical
excision with frozen-section control of the margins offers the lowest
tumor-recurrence rate. Important acquisitions have been made on
squamous cells for which sentinel node biopsy may reveal early
metastatic cancer. Intraepithelial tumor growth is a peculiar feature
of sebaceous gland carcinoma that seems to indicate an increased risk
for orbital invasion. Recent reports regarding the rare tumor, Merkel
cell carcinoma, recommend a wide surgical excision with 5 mm margins;
this may reduce the incidence of lymph-node metastasis, haematogenous
spread and local recurrences. SUMMARY: Although treatment of the most
common benign and malignant tumours affecting the eyelids has not
radically changed over the years, recent reports have significantly
improved the standard of care for affected patients.
Benign pigmented lesions of the eyelids.J
Fr Ophtalmol. 2005 Oct;28(8): 889-95
We describe
benign pigmented tumors of the lids, including benign lesions of the
epithelium such as papillomas, seborrheic keratosis, and inverted
follicular keratosis; precancerous lesions of the epithelium such as
xeroderma pigmentosum and actinic keratosis; melanocytic lesions such
as Ota nevus, lentigo, and lentigo maligna; and nevi and other lesions
simulating a melanoma such as pigmented hidrocystoma, angiomas, and
epithelial cyst. For each of these lesions, we describe the clinical
and histopathological aspect as well as the therapeutic guidelines.
Clinicopathological analysis of malignant eyelid tumor cases at
Yamagata university hospital: statistical comparison of tumor
incidence in Japan and in other countries.Jpn
J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep-Oct;49(5):349-54
PURPOSE: To
report the clinical and histopathological features of malignant eyelid
tumor cases treated in our clinic. We also compared the differences in
the frequency of malignant eyelid tumor in various regions of Japan
and worldwide. METHODS: Retrospectively, we studied the records of the
38 cases of malignant eyelid tumor treated in Yamagata University
Hospital over the last 17 years. The statistical comparison with
various countries was based on reports of case studies in those
countries. RESULTS: Data from our clinic: Among the total of 38 cases,
15 cases (39.5%) were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma, 11 cases
(28.9%) as sebaceous gland carcinoma, and 4 cases (10.5%) as squamous
cell carcinoma. In addition, three cases were malignant melanoma, two
adenocarcinoma, one Merkel cell carcinoma, one malignant peripheral
nerve sheath tumor, and one malignant lymphoma. The ages of patients
ranged from 45 to 92 years (mean, 72.0 +/- 12.4 years). Most of the
cases were treated by complete resection of the tumors and eyelid
reconstruction. Radiation or cryotherapy were added when required. The
prognosis of the cases with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell
carcinoma was good, and that of the other tumors was relatively poor.
During the same period, in Caucasians, basal cell carcinoma
constituted about 80%-90% of the malignant eyelid tumors, whereas in
Japan and Asian countries, basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland
carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma each constituted about 20%-40%.
CONCLUSIONS: A racial difference in the incidence of basal cell
carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma can
be considered in making a diagnosis.
Eyelid tumors in
Siriraj Hospital from 2000-2004. J Med Assoc
Thai.2005 Nov;88 Suppl 9:S11-4
OBJECTIVES: To
determine the relative incidence of eyelid lesions seen in Siriraj
Hospital from January 2000-April 2004. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective
charts review MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two hundred and ninety-seven cases
of eyelid lesions seen in Siriraj Hospital from 2000 to 2004 were
analyzed. RESULTS: There were 53 (17.8%) inflammatory conditions, 212
(71.4%) benign eyelid tumors and 32 (10.8%) malignant eyelid tumors.
These 32 malignant eyelid tumors included 13 sebaceous gland
carcinomas, 12 basal cell carcinomas, 3 malignant melanomas, 2
squamous cell carcinomas, 1 apocrine adenocarcinoma and 1 metastatic
carcinoma. Various flaps techniques or primary closures were used for
reconstruction in 20 cases. Six cases needed exenteration. CONCLUSION:
The majority of eyelid lesions were benign eyelid tumors while
malignant eyelid tumors contributed 10.8% of the total eyelid lesions.
Sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common eyelid tumor found in
their present study that was consistent with other studies from Asian
countries.
Malignant eyelid
tumours in Taiwan. Eye. 2003 Mar;17(2):216-20
AIMS: To
describe the clinical characteristics of patients with eyelid cancers
in Taiwan. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2000, 127 (58 males and 69
females) patients (mean age 62.6; range 10-91 years) with
histologically confirmed eyelid cancers were retrospectively evaluated
at the National Taiwan University Hospital and Far Eastern Memorial
Hospital in Taiwan. Clinical data of all patients were reviewed from
medical records. The mean follow-up period was 62.4 months (range
3-240) for 113 patients. RESULTS: The 127 eyelid cancers included 79
basal cell carcinomas (62.2%), 30 sebaceous gland carcinomas (23.6%),
11 squamous cell carcinomas (8.7%), five malignant melanomas (3.9%),
one Kaposi's sarcoma (0.8%), and one metastatic cancer (0.8%). Tumours
developed more commonly in the lower (37.0%) than the upper eyelid
(33.9%). The clinical accuracy in predicting eyelid malignancy was
90.5%. Primary treatment modality was mainly surgical excision. The
recurrence, metastasis, and mortality rates at 5 years were 15.2,
11.7, and 7.3%, respectively, for all eyelid malignancies. Rates of
sebaceous gland carcinoma recurrence, metastasis, and mortality were
significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of basal cell carcinoma. The
mean interval of recurrence or metastasis after primary treatment was
26.3 months (range 4-112) for all eyelid cancers. CONCLUSIONS:
Although basal cell carcinoma is the most common eyelid cancer in
Taiwan, sebaceous gland carcinoma is also common. Of the two, basal
cell carcinoma has a better prognosis and sebaceous gland carcinoma
has a higher mortality and therefore should be treated much more
aggressively. Long-term follow-up is needed after treatment of
malignant eyelid tumours.
Malignant tumors of
the eyelid: a population-based study of non-basal cell and non-squamous
cell malignant neoplasms.Arch Ophthalmol.1998
Feb;116(2):195-8.
OBJECTIVE: To
determine the relative frequencies, average annual incidences, and
patient characteristics of non-basal cell and non-squamous cell
malignant neoplasms of the eyelid in a defined geographic population.
DESIGN and SETTING: A retrospective study using the Florida Cancer
Data System to identify malignant tumors of the eyelid, except for
basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, from 1981 through 1994. Cases
were limited to persons who resided within Florida. MAIN OUTCOME
MEASURE: Incidence of histologically confirmed malignant eyelid
tumors. RESULTS: Two hundred six primary malignant eyelid tumors were
identified. The 3 most common, in order of frequency, were melanoma,
sebaceous carcinoma, and lymphoma. The median age at diagnosis for all
patients was 73 years. Only 3 of the 206 malignant neoplasms occurred
in blacks. The annual incidence of eyelid melanoma and sebaceous
carcinoma in whites older than 20 years was 0.6 and 0.5 per million,
respectively. Kaposi sarcoma was the most common type of mesenchymal
tumor. Eleven different histologic types of lymphoma were found in the
eyelid. Only 2 of 27 lymphomas had T-cell lineage. CONCLUSIONS:
Malignant tumors of the eyelid other than basal cell and squamous cell
carcinoma are uncommon and usually occur in elderly white persons.
Primary eyelid tumors of any type are rare in blacks. The risk of a
non-basal cell and non-squamous cell malignant neoplasm of the eyelid
in Florida is 6.4 times greater for whites than for blacks (95%
confidence interval [CI], 2.1-20.2). A variety of B-cell lymphomas can
be manifested as primary eyelid tumors.
The
clinicopathological spectrum of benign peripunctal tumours.Graefes
Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005
Feb;243(2):113-9. Epub 2004 Nov 19.
PURPOSE: Because
of the rarity of peripunctal tumours and their clinical classification
as conjunctival or eyelid tumours, they have gained little attention
in the literature. We conducted a retrospective study to illustrate
the different clinical and histopathological spectrum of peripunctal
tumours seen at two oculoplastics clinics. METHODS: In a retrospective
interventional clinicopathologic case series study, all the charts of
patients with peripunctal tumours presented at an ophthalmic oncology
clinic in Jerusalem, Israel and an oculoplastics clinic in Boston, USA
were reviewed. The tumours were classified as epithelial and
non-epithelial tumours. The symptoms caused by these tumours, their
pattern of growth and their management were evaluated. RESULTS:
Fourteen peripunctal tumours were identified. Eleven out of 175 (6.3%)
peripunctal disorders and out of approximately 4,000 (0.27%) surgical
oculoplastics patients were seen at Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary,
Boston. Three were seen at Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem.
Seven histopathological types of peripunctal tumours of epithelial,
subepithelial or melanocytic origin causing punctal occlusion or
displacement were identified. The tumours included compound and
junctional naevi, non-pigmented compound naevus, epithelial,
subepithelial inclusion cysts, verrucous and squamous papilloma,
pyogenic granuloma and oncocytoma. All the tumours were benign. They
involved the peripunctal or canalicular epithelium, the adjacent skin,
the glandular epithelium or the subepithelium. They presented as a
peripunctal mass or were accidentally disclosed but none of them
resulted in epiphora. CONCLUSIONS: Peripunctal tumours are rare. They
exhibit different clinical types of growth and may be difficult to
diagnose based on their clinical appearance alone. The location of
peripunctal tumours potentially allows their extension from the
conjunctival sac into the canaliculus and vice versa. Therefore, it is
best to ascertain free margins when the tumour is excised.
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